Archive for December 2009
Genetically Selected Infants
In a hospital near Paris was born the first genetically selected baby in France to avoid an incurable disease. This baby, whose gender has not been clarified, was born one month premature and ahead of schedule, so physicians should wait several days before a final decision on the success of the process.
In any case, his birth is a novelty in France because it represents the first application of preimplantation diagnosis system (DPI), based on genetic analysis and selection of embryos to circumvent any incurable diseases of genetic origin.
This procedure, approved in France for just over a year, allows parents carry the gene for a genetic disease “particularly grave and incurable” having a child completely free of this disease.
Exercise in Pregnancy
Staying in shape is always important, especially during pregnancy. Moderate exercise can strengthen the muscles you use during childbirth, such as the abdomen, pelvis and lower back.
In addition, exercise can improve your posture and relieve discomforts such as back strain and leg cramps and prenatal exercise helps you prepare for childbirth to increase their strength and stamina, you can ingest calories consumed in excess, oxygen plus its blood and therefore the baby and significantly improves your physical condition necessary to bring the final stages uncomplicated pregnancy.
In general, if your pregnancy is developing normally, you can continue practicing the same exercises I did before getting pregnant. However, you have to make a slower pace as your pregnancy progresses and feeling some pain, nausea, or dizziness, stop exercising immediately. This is the way your body asks you to lower the exercise.
If you have not been exercising regularly, pregnancy is the ideal time to begin an exercise program.
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Pregnancy on Second Month
Your waistline may be growing and you can experience a bit of indigestion as your body adjusts to pregnancy hormones. You may have a heavy feeling in the pelvis or vagina, a greater tendency to retain water, increasing fatigue.
Changes Uterine and Placental
The umbilical cord has its final form. Amniotic fluid protects the baby, keeping its temperature constant and facilitating their movement.
Physical Changes
The breasts increase in size, there may be sensations in the nipples, the areola begins to darken, and you can lose weight.
Emotional Changes
You may be feeling like a teenager if you are grain and other surface problems. Do not worry! Pregnancy causes an increase in secretions of oil and grease on the skin. Its focus is on body changes, mood changes, mixed feelings about motherhood.
The Clearest Sign of Pregnancy: Absence of Menstruation
One of the first symptoms of pregnancy for most pregnant women is amenorrhea, ie the absence of menstruation.
In general, women with regular cycles are able to detect whether they are pregnant more easily than women who have a more irregular ovulation. However, not having periods, does not mean being pregnant.
Menstrual cycles usually occur approximately every 28 days, although they vary from woman to woman. In addition, the menstrual cycle is changing throughout the life of a woman, so that sometimes can go ahead and others behind.
Some factors influencing this irregularity can be sudden changes in weight, work or family stress or hormonal imbalance.
Other times, she may be pregnant and not know it because losses may occur, similar to menstruation, coinciding with the period. This is called implantation bleeding and occurs when the fertilized egg attaches to the uterine wall.
If a woman suspects she is pregnant with a first offense must go as soon as possible to your gynecologist to confirm pregnancy. The doctor will monitor and control gestation. Also, check whether the woman has a complication such as hypertension, preeclampsia, placenta previa, which could indicate a high risk pregnancy.
However if a woman goes through a period of great stress, has rules very irregular and has a loss, a visit to the gynecologist is required.
There are several tests to confirm pregnancy as pregnancy tests, urine test, blood test and ultrasound.
Using a urine test or through a blood test can detect the presence of the hormone human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG). This hormone is responsible for secreting progesterone and estrogens and occurs ten days after conception.
Many women decide to do the urine test alone. The known tests of urine pregnancy test or sold in pharmacies are fast, simple and a reliable estimate for its maker to 98%. The results are known within minutes.
It is also possible to detect HCG by a blood test. This test not only verifies the presence of the hormone but also, in case of pregnancy, to calculate the age of the fetus or the existence of complications in early pregnancy as the threat of spontaneous abortion. For the results, the woman must wait at least a day.
In any case, the most reliable test of pregnancy is diagnosed by ultrasound, with which also confirms the existence of one or more embryos. This test involves no risk to the woman or the embryo, in case of pregnancy.
Both blood tests and ultrasound prescribed by the gynecologist on her first visit.
Changes in Women’s Bodies: The Circulation
The circulatory system of the pregnant woman also suffers small changes during pregnancy, changing to adapt to the new life that will be brewing. The mission of the mother’s blood during pregnancy is to supply the substances needed for fetal development and eliminate waste, using as an intermediary body that is created on purpose during pregnancy: the placenta
Blood
During pregnancy, all the blood vessels dilate and the increased maternal blood volume in a liter and a half: it goes from 4 to 5 or 6 liters. Red cells are thus dissolved in a larger amount of plasma-fluid part of blood. As the need for iron increases to prevent a deficiency anemia this item is prescribed to supplement the mother during the course of pregnancy.
Veins
The growing uterus often hinders the return of blood from the legs to the heart, the legs tend to swell and there is risk of varicose veins. If the inferior vena cava, which returns blood to the heart is compressed by the uterus, may be bothered, especially when lying on his back. To avoid them, just unlock the veins: it is best to lie on the left side as the inferior vena cava passes into the uterus right.
The Pulse
The heart rate accelerates from 10 to 15 beats per minute, even during sleep, and something else in case they are twins. Usually between 60 and 90 beats per minute. Cardiac output increases by 30 0 50% since the end of the first quarter to the end of pregnancy. The heart beats faster because it has to pump more blood throughout the cardiovascular system adapts to the additional efforts that inevitably must be made during pregnancy.
Blood Pressure
Slightly low blood pressure during the first two trimesters of pregnancy because the blood vessels are dilated. As the end of it, the voltage returns to its previous level (from pre-pregnancy), but should not exceed the value 14 / 9.
Detected Abnormalities Early in Pregnancy
Human embryos possess genetic defects in the early days of development, which according to experts explain why many pregnancies fail shortly after conception.
Researchers at the University of London, led by Dr Dagan Wells, studied 46 chromosomes in embryos 3 days of development and consider that a new test can improve success rates in infertile patients by allowing doctors to choose embryos with sets of normal chromosomes for implantation in the womb.
The technology could also decrease the number of multiple pregnancies in women undergoing in-vitro fertilization because fewer embryos would be implanted in the uterus for a successful birth. The results indicate that uniform cell development did not occur frequently in the first days after conception.
Wells noted that, by contrast, the cells divided unequally chromosomes together in destructive drives, or did not divide at all. Most human cells have 46 chromosomes, 23 from each parent. Wells and colleague Joy Delhanty studied twelve embryos with three days of development. Only one of the three had complete sets of chromosomes.
While the study reveals that many embryos are not viable, the results should not be inferred that all embryos are defective, as previous researchers have speculated, using less sophisticated tests.
“There are cases where early tests have shown chromosomal abnormality in an embryo, but when the baby is born, has no abnormality,” said Wells. “So the theories suggest that it is possible that embryos are composed by themselves in some cases”