Pregnancy and Maternal Health Care
ABO blood type incompatibility between mother and fetus
Author: Ann Brown
There are two classifications used for different types of human blood, the ABO and Rh.
* In the case of the ABO, people can be type A, (only accepts other A and O have antibodies against B), type B, (only accepts other B and O have antibodies against A), type AB (accepts A, B and O, no antibody) and type O (only accepts other O has antibodies for everything else).
* In the case of Rh, people can be positive or negative. The negatives develop antibodies against the positives.
But what is all this antibody?
It means that the body recognizes that element as an invader like a bacterium or virus and attacks it.
What is the ABO blood incompatibility?
Also known as Perinatal hemolytic disease, occurs when the blood of mother and fetus are of different blood groups that we are compatible. For example, if the mother has type O blood and the baby is A, the body of the mother identifies the “A” written on each red blood cell of the fetus as if it were a disease and attacks, destroying the baby’s blood.
What to do if there was diagnosed?
Do not fear the worst. In most cases of ABO incompatibility is possible to have the baby under medical surveillance as the “writing” in the baby’s red blood cells is weak and more difficult for the body of the mother’s note, so do not develop fetal erythroblastosis and have a benign disease.
I need to attend the controls from the time suspected to be pregnant, so it will detect whether this problem exists in time. Controlled with proper care the baby will be as normal as the rest.
What can cause ABO blood incompatibility?
In most cases, where the disease develops so benign, the baby has no problems, and if that can be born with a mild anemia. In extreme cases the fetus may die from rejection of the body of the mother. If being born, can have severe case of anemia or central nervous system damage.
Common treatment for ABO blood incompatibility
For extreme cases, treatment usually consists of giving the mother drugs to soothe your immune system, and transfusions to the fetus to prevent or correct anemia.
Another type of blood incompatibility is the ER, where we must be more careful and happens when the mother is Rh-and baby is Rh +. During the first pregnancy, the mother’s body creates antibodies to the Rh + but has no time to destroy a large scale labeled cells with Rh + baby. However, massive attack will be effective in the case of a second pregnancy because the mother’s body will “remember” this type of cell as an invader.
To avoid this, it puts the mother a vaccine within 72 hours after the first birth. Must be considered as first pregnancy even those who did not come to term.
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