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Advantages of Patch
The contraceptive patch is a release of small doses of hormones through the skin after 80 years of research. This mechanism has been used in other therapeutic areas with much success. Such is the case of the patches used in patients after heart infarction or angina pectoris, the patches for motion sickness for example in boats, smoking cessation patches or patches with substances that decrease muscle pain.
The amount of hormones in the contraceptive patch that releases the blood is sufficient to achieve, effectively, contraception contraceptive patch contains two hormones similar to natural hormones women produce: norelgestromin, a progestin and ethinyl estradiol, an estrogen.
According to ENSAR 2003 1.7 million women in Mexico, ie, 10% of women of reproductive age not using contraception despite not wanting a pregnancy or suspended, with women and young teens that have the greatest need.
The decision of a woman to choose when to get pregnant is defined by its plans to achieve their goals and contribute their welfare state. What mechanism selects for birth control involves factors such as efficiency, ease of use, security, risks, costs and other personal considerations.
Hormonal contraceptives, in all its presentations, are highly effective if used as it should be, ie, the dose should be applied with the frequency required by the selected system. As stated above, this is what defines the effectiveness in practice.
Currently, in medicine, are looking at providing patients taking doses with more convenient schedules to enhance the effectiveness of treatment. Less frequent doses increase patient adherence to treatment scheme.
There are clinical studies showing that for most women, it seemed easier if there was a lower number of doses, thus getting a greater number of cycles with perfect adherence to the treatment scheme.
How do hormonal contraceptives?
How do hormonal contraceptives? (what do and how they work)
The administration of hormonal contraceptives is one of the family planning methods most used. These products are composed of synthetic hormones that have effects similar to the two main hormones involved in the menstrual cycle, estrogen and progesterone, either in combination or only one of them.
Since its inception in 1956, this type of contraception has evolved in terms of hormone dose, frequency and routes of administration for the convenience of users, so in the market there are different types of contraceptives:
Combined estrogen and progestogen
* Transdermal patch: it is a controlled release of hormones that involves the application of 1 patch per week for three weeks with a bye week in which menstruation occurs.
* Oral Contraceptives:-daily tablets are composed of either estrogen and progestin for 21 and 7 days off or 28 days with a week o
* Injection: intramuscular application monthly estrogen and progestogen compounds with gradual release from fat tissue incorporation into the corpora
* Ring vaginal ring is a flexible, transparent, that the woman is placed on a monthly basis for three weeks inside the vagina that releases a low dose of hormones with a bye week in which menstruation occurs
Mechanism of action
Combined hormonal contraceptives act at the pituitary level by mid-cycle inhibition of secretion of follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone thus preventing ovulation. Also sitting at the neck of the uterus by increasing the viscosity of cervical mucus, hindering the passage of sperm into the uterus. They also avoid the implantation of the fertilized ovum in the endometrium because it does not allow it to prepare properly. Also hindering the transport of the egg from the ovaries to the uterus by altering the mobility of the fallopian tubes.
Progestin Only
They are used when there are contraindications to using estrogen contraceptives.
* Mini-pills: is administration of tablets daily for 28 days.
* Quarterly Injection: intramuscular application consists of a crystalline suspension of very slow release.
* Subcutaneous implant: it is a system that allows broadcast or gradual release of hormone into the bloodstream. Requires surgical introduction, below the skin, non-biodegradable mechanisms every three years.
How can I handle pregnancy problem?
Continuous monitoring is required throughout the duration of pregnancy. Depending on the factors that endanger both mother and baby will require the support of other specialists such as endocrinologists, cardiologists, and internists. It is also likely to require special studies of the blood or to get a better picture of the problem, and in extreme cases complete bed rest or hospitalization.
General Recommendations
* Quit smoking, drinking or administration of any drugs.
* Consult your doctor for a proper diet and carry on the administration of dietary supplements (folic acid, iron or vitamins).
* Keep your weight within acceptable limits, and exercise.
* Keep under control any disease suffered.
* Avoid intake of medicines without prescription, mainly in the first three months of pregnancy.
* If you experience any disturbance such as bleeding or infection, see your doctor immediately
Special Baby Care: Premature Babies
Why babies should stay in an incubator?
If the child is placed in an incubator, first impressions can be very disturbing, but it provides the baby the right temperature and humidity of the environment that he needs at that time, because premature babies lose much heat through your skin and are more vulnerable to the action of bacteria or viruses.
What is ventilation?
In some cases, the baby may require ventilatory support due to problems in oxygenation, especially in cases of premature babies. Depending on the severity of the case will be the team that he needed assistance, varying from only one oxygen mask of a team of artificial ventilation.
What about premature babies?
Premature babies have varying degrees of immaturity in some organs, especially the lungs, digestive system, and also in controlling body temperature, which is why it is very important to the control and supervision in these cases and the only way is in a special room and specially trained for such cases. Usually remain under special care until they are 38 weeks of gestation, and depending on the week you were born as long as remain hospitalized.
Special Baby Care: In Hospital With Baby
Can I stay in the hospital with my baby?
Almost always allows parents to stay as long they want in the special care wards, except in the moments that made the medical round or some special treatment.
Is prolonged hospitalization of a baby can cause problems later?
Many parents wonder if prolonged hospital stays after the babies will have difficulty adapting to life outside the incubator and if the link between the child and parents will be affected. It has been shown that there are difficulties, however it is recommended the constant presence of parents, contact and permanent affection to the baby while in the special care nursery.
Can I hold my baby or touching it if it remains in intensive care?
If you are in an incubator, probably at first not allowed to hold in her arms, but the incubators have special little doors that allow him to touch and feel the warmth of the skin and body odor, which makes you feel the presence their parents and provide reassurance when anxious. But if the baby is premature, parents will need to wash their hands with special soap and possible use of gowns and gloves to prevent infection by bacteria or viruses that might spread.
Special Baby Care
What are the special baby care?
For mom and dad can be confusing and frightening to inform them that the baby needs special care immediately after birth, but it is important to know that there are many reasons why such care is necessary and do not always mean the baby has serious problems.
How long the baby should remain in the room special care?
The time that the baby remains in intensive care can vary from few hours to several weeks, depending on the severity of the case and the weight and gestational age of the baby. Most premature babies remain under observation at least, if there was any inconvenience at the time of delivery, such as jaundice, or if the baby aspirated meconium, also must remain under observation.
For premature babies the general rule is to stay in special care nursery until they fulfill and the due date. For example if a baby born at 28 weeks, will remain in intensive care for 12 weeks, thus meeting the mature development that need to leave the hospital.
What are the special care wards?
They are separate rooms where nurses and doctors neonatologists are responsible for the care of babies. It is painful for parents to be separated from their babies at birth, but more important is to understand that is done to preserve the health of the baby and prevent further complications. The special care nursery for babies, generally divided into areas for the simple observation of minor problems such as transient difficulty extrauterine adaptation to the environment (transient neonatal distress), and areas of interaction in neonatal intensive care that takes care of problems more serious.
Myths and Realities of hormonal contraceptives
In virtually every culture has searched for methods to regulate the number of children, so finding effective ways of controlling reproduction is a constant in human history. The reason that leads the couple to use birth control is to avoid pregnancy, for various reasons, to enjoy a sex life, birth spacing, not having too many children, and maintain the health of the mother and the children among others.
Thus, from the onset of hormone-based contraceptive in 1956 to date, this type of family planning method has become one of the most popularly used. However, many women choose to use them or leave due to certain misconceptions or myths that often have their own medical journals led by its lack of clarity over the 50 years of existence of these products . Among these are:
* Produce cancer: no clear evidence in most studies this is true. Has been shown only for cervical cancer increases the risk for women who have used them for long. However, the risk also depends on lifestyle, vaginal infections, smoking and sexual practices among others. So the doctor and the user should also take stock of these hormones bring benefits such as: the protection against ovarian cancer (where they produce eggs and female sex cells) against endometrial and benign breast tumors , which persists until 10 years after use.
They cause infertility: this belief is that in some women who have used them for long, its discontinuation, bleeding regular menstrual period return takes between three to six months, so we think that could affect fertility. Currently, these methods are very reliable and fully reversible, so that users must trust that the return of menstruation will be able to quickly get pregnant
* Produce weight gain: in the beginning, the amount of hormones that had these products cause fluid retention, which was reflected in increased weight. Currently they are formulated based on low dose and there is no scientific evidence to cause weight gain, so this problem should no longer be a barrier to its use.