Pregnancy and Maternal Health Care

Archive for the ‘Diseases During Pregnancy’ Category

A recent study has developed an important step towards the creation of a vaccine against pregnancy-associated malaria. The parasite causes the disease can cause fatal reactions in women during their first month of pregnancy.

With the development of the vaccine will prevent many deaths and problems during pregnancy.

Malaria is a disease caused by a parasite of the genus Plasmodium that is transmitted to people by the bite of a mosquito. When these mosquitoes bite people, the parasite enters the liver where it multiplies rapidly and goes on to infect red blood cells or erythrocytes. Febrile seizures this causes sudden, intense, every two or three days. This process is exhausted, leaving the body in the case of young children is a high probability of fatal without treatment.

That is why malaria causes about 400-900 million cases of fever and approximately 2-3 million deaths annually, the vast majority of cases occur in children under 5 years. The only way to direct infection among humans is that a pregnant woman transmits them by spraying insecticides to the fetus, which is why these women were particularly vulnerable to this disease because the parasite prevents nutrients from the mother pass through the placenta, thus resulting in abortions and premature births. This disease is very worrying, especially in countries with high infant mortality.
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Women of childbearing age who face a cancer know that your reproductive organs are affected, treatment by chemotherapy and radiotherapy can result in disruption of ovarian function resulting in infertility temporarily or permanently.

If you want to have children should consult a fertility specialist before undergoing the treatment.

The big concern for women who are diagnosed with cancer and was intended to become pregnant in the future has led to develop two innovative techniques to increase the chances of pregnancy in these cases:

The extraction and freeze eggs before treatment is started later to undergo in vitro fertilization. There are scientific articles about “Preserving fertility in women with cancer” and “Freezing vs. Vitrification Egg.”

The extraction and freezing of the ovarian tissue before starting treatment and later reimplanted. In relation to auto transplantation of ovarian tissue and subsequent pregnancy are obtaining the following news: “A woman gives birth after ovary transplant complete” and “Pregnancy after breast cancer.”

What is anemia?

Anemia is a shortage of red blood cells or reduced ability of them to carry oxygen or iron.

Pregnancy can cause anemia?

Yes, the relationship between anemia and pregnancy is common, although rarely a serious complication because it is the decrease in hemoglobin mass during the gestational period. This is because at that stage there is a predisposition to the discrepancy between the increase in erythrocyte mass and plasma volume increase, with the added possibility of coexistence with acute blood loss by an obstetric or medical condition.

What effects on pregnancy and the baby?

Because the fetus depends on maternal blood, anemia can cause poor fetal growth, preterm birth or low infant birth weight.
Other consequences for the mother are tiredness and listlessness, which makes the care of her and newborn. In turn, in cases of severe anemia increases the risk of postpartum maternal mortality.

Why does it occur?

During pregnancy three successive stages occur that alter the balance of iron. The first change is positive due to the decrease of menses, during the second begins the expansion of red cell mass (between 20 and 25 weeks gestation), and in the third quarter there is a greater uptake of iron fundamentally part of the fetus after 30 weeks. Read the rest of this entry »

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Here are the recent findings of a French team from INSERM led by Professor Rémy Slama, CHU de Grenoble. The purpose of this study was to measure the effect of air pollutants during pregnancy on fetal growth.

For this, the research team was established in mid-pregnancy, a device for measuring benzene in 280 * Pregnant women. This device has an idea of exposure to air pollutants both outdoors and at home of patients or even know their workplace. The size of the fetus, and their head circumference was measured at the end of each trimester of pregnancy and birth.

Some factors known to decrease the size of babies at birth (passive smoking, duration of pregnancy, maternal body size) were adjusted for final analysis does not interfere with the effect of pollutants.

There is a strict correlation between the rate of exposure of pregnant women to pollutants, and the small size of babies at birth (length and head circumference).
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Infecciones

Any pregnant suffering from infection should be treated as if I were not taking into account two things: avoid the fever rises over 38 ° and medicate if needed, but with simpler and known antibiotic possible (avoiding the modern that have not been tested in pregnancy). Sometimes, if there is pus, the doctor will tell a culture to find the best drug. Should drink plenty of water to prevent dehydration and eat foods rich in vitamin C as oranges or kiwis, to enhance defenses.

Kidney colic

When a pebble is stuck in the duct that lowers the kidney to the bladder (ureter), there is a very intense intermittent pain, sometimes with nausea, vomiting and a lot of unrest. If the picture is not can trigger contractions in the uterus and promote premature birth, also predispose to kidney infections. You have to take medication prescribed by your doctor without fear. To relieve the pain is very useful to apply hot water in the side that hurts, it is taking a warm bath or a shower directed at the affected area. Drink lots of water helps to remove the stone. The có1icos can be very annoying (some say more women than childbirth).
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Aspirin reduces risks in pregnant women with antiphospholipid syndrome. Antiphospholipid syndrome birth rate was uneventful in women who took Aspirin ® as a preventive measure increased from 38% to 72%.

The administration of Aspirin ® significantly reduces the risk of complications in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome, according to research conducted by Dr. Munoz Rodriguez, who has been promoted by the Hospital Clinic of Barcelona and the Institute of Biomedical Research August i Sunyer The study, whose findings are published in the journal Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism, shows that Aspirin consumption lowers the chances of occurrence of venous or arterial thrombosis and abortions, usually related complications with this autoimmune condition.

Specifically, the uneventful birth rate rises from 38% to 72% in pregnant women taking Aspirin ® as a preventive measure.

Research conducted by Dr. Munoz Rodriguez team focused on one hundred patients with antiphospholipid syndrome who underwent a follow-up period of over four years. The specialists found that 91% of patients not treated with aspirin developed new thrombosis, while those who were given Aspirin ® that risk was reduced to 42%.

The long term treatment with anticoagulants was found to be even more effective: only 19% of subjects who received him were affected by new episodes of thrombosis. Aspirin was especially good effect in pregnant women undergoing prophylactic treatment with Aspirin ®.

Antiphospholipid syndrome is an autoimmune disorder characterized by paintings of arterial and venous thrombosis, abortions, or thrombocytopenia in association with the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies. The syndrome is considered primary if not associated with other underlying disease and secondary if it is linked to other autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus.

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In a hospital near Paris was born the first genetically selected baby in France to avoid an incurable disease. This baby, whose gender has not been clarified, was born one month premature and ahead of schedule, so physicians should wait several days before a final decision on the success of the process.

In any case, his birth is a novelty in France because it represents the first application of preimplantation diagnosis system (DPI), based on genetic analysis and selection of embryos to circumvent any incurable diseases of genetic origin.

This procedure, approved in France for just over a year, allows parents carry the gene for a genetic disease “particularly grave and incurable” having a child completely free of this disease.

Human embryos possess genetic defects in the early days of development, which according to experts explain why many pregnancies fail shortly after conception.

Researchers at the University of London, led by Dr Dagan Wells, studied 46 chromosomes in embryos 3 days of development and consider that a new test can improve success rates in infertile patients by allowing doctors to choose embryos with sets of normal chromosomes for implantation in the womb.

The technology could also decrease the number of multiple pregnancies in women undergoing in-vitro fertilization because fewer embryos would be implanted in the uterus for a successful birth. The results indicate that uniform cell development did not occur frequently in the first days after conception.

Wells noted that, by contrast, the cells divided unequally chromosomes together in destructive drives, or did not divide at all. Most human cells have 46 chromosomes, 23 from each parent. Wells and colleague Joy Delhanty studied twelve embryos with three days of development. Only one of the three had complete sets of chromosomes.

While the study reveals that many embryos are not viable, the results should not be inferred that all embryos are defective, as previous researchers have speculated, using less sophisticated tests.

“There are cases where early tests have shown chromosomal abnormality in an embryo, but when the baby is born, has no abnormality,” said Wells. “So the theories suggest that it is possible that embryos are composed by themselves in some cases”

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The sushi and sashimi that are traditionally eaten in Japanese cuisine must be eliminated from the diet of the pregnant woman, just like raw meat. These are dishes of fish or raw seafood. The prohibition of the consumption of raw fish during pregnancy is to avoid the risk of poisoning or infections due to parasites that can have raw fish, as is the case of Anisakis.

The Anisakis is a parasite that can be hosted in a variety of fish like cod, sardines, anchovies, herring, salmon, pollock, hake, whiting, mackerel, bonito or mackerel.

The danger of passing to humans is not only raw fish, but also in smoked, salted, pickled or marinated foods, which have not been cooking processes. Same for the squid, octopus, oysters or raw clams. The fish or undercooked seafood may also be bad.

One possibility to eliminate the parasite is to freeze raw fish to a temperature below -20 º C for 24 or 72 hours prior to consumption. Another way to kill the parasite is subjected to heat: cook the fish to be consumed at a temperature range between 55 and 70 ° C for 10 minutes at least. It is therefore safe to eat hot smoked products and pasteurized, and produce inactivation of the parasite.

This prohibition does not mean we should abandon the Japanese food, for among the varied menu sure to find other goodies that are well cooked, whether fish, meat or vegetables.

In Spanish law since 2006 are required to establishments that serve to implement all previous measures to ensure they do not contain Anisakis. However, as we can never be sure who actually have met them all, better to leave these raw fish dishes after pregnancy.

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Waves and broadcasts made by teams such as television, microwave and computer screen are called non-ionizing radiation.
A household usually have different equipment that produce these refractions as radio, cordless phones and video games, to name a few.
Unlike ionizing radiation from X-ray equipment and nuclear weapons, the non-ionizing radiation do not produce enough energy to create genetic mutations.
We know that pregnant women are forbidden to expose the impact of the rays “x” because it can trigger structural changes in the fetus, ranging from spontaneous abortion to microcephaly (reduced head circumference) with the resulting mental retardation. The X-ray can harm the baby only when applied repeatedly and for long. However, in some cases are of great help to improve the health of the mother (such as accidents, difficulty in bladder or gall bladder, fractures, etc.). And must be made. It is always wise to protect the abdomen.
The best time to take the X-ray is when you have finished menstruating.
After four months, the child has formed almost the entire body. If possible, the X-ray should be delayed until the last stage of gestation. But preferably, the radiation should be suspended until after delivery.

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