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Nutrition and diet during pregnancy and lactation
The life stages of increased growth or synthesis are the first two years of life, adolescence, pregnancy and lactation.Nutritional requirements depend on the growth rate and are higher in these periods of rapid growth.They are called vulnerable period, because there is less chance of adapting to a deficit and because the gaps produce a greater biological impact.
In pregnancy there is an increase in weight of approximately 400 grams.week, higher than that observed in the period of greatest growth in adolescence.Breastfeeding in turn has increased nutritional requirements for milk production.
During pregnancy and lactation there is an increase in the needs of almost all nutrients in varying proportions for each of them.Exceptions include vitamin A requirement which does not increase during pregnancy and iron hand in infancy does not increase with respect to adult women of childbearing age.
Increases ranging between 15% and 220% energy in folic acid (folate).For most nutrients, the differences with non-pregnant women are about 20 to 40%.Stage of lactation has the greatest needs of most nutrients, except folate and iron are higher in pregnancy. Read the rest of this entry »
Eight tips for a healthy pregnancy
Now that you know you are pregnant, it is more important than ever that you begin to care both physically and emotionally. Your chances of having a trouble free pregnancy and a healthy baby are greatly increased if you follow these tips:
1. Select and visit a gynecologist as soon as possible
Good prenatal care is essential to the health of your baby and choose your doctor as soon as possible means you have several months to build a good relationship in preparation for childbirth.
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Weight Control During Pregnancy
During pregnancy is essential to lead a healthy, balanced diet, because not only have to worry about our health but also the baby. In this way the fetus can develop properly.
While the mother has to deal with the nutritional needs of the baby, does not necessarily mean you should eat for two. Weight control during pregnancy must be very rigorous. It is not about eating too much of each food, it is essential to a balanced Engerer a bit of everything.
Therefore, you must eat protein, fiber, minerals and vitamins. In addition, the daily diet should include meat, dairy and eggs, plus vegetables, fruits, grains and derivatives.
Benefits Breastfeed for Mother and Baby
It is giving the milk from mother to baby from the moment of birth through two years of life, preferably. Once you have given birth to the baby, the pituitary gland (hypophysis) begins to increase the amount of production of a hormone called prolactin, which stimulates breast cells. These cells begin to absorb nutrients from the bloodstream and use it to produce milk.
Since this process takes very little time, the first days after birth your breasts produce a fine white fluid, called colostrums. Since milk, colostrums are nutritious and contain antibodies (defenses against diseases that contain the mother). After 3 or 5 days produced milk. Prolactin controls the amount, to the point that the more milk the baby takes, the more prolactin pituitary and produce more milk will be.
When the baby stops sucking, milk production ceases in a week or two. The flow of milk is controlled by the reflection of closure. Otherwise the milk would be leaving continuously from the breast. When the baby sucks the nipples respond by sending sensory impulses to the hypothalamus in the brain. The hypothalamus immediately directed to the pituitary gland to produce hormones (oxytocin) that travel through the bloodstream.
When they get to the breasts, the cell surrounding the socket, where milk is stored, and contract and thus leave the milk duct. The whole process takes 30 to 60 seconds. Once the milk, the reflection of “stop” and “march” is easily triggered. Often the same sound of crying stimulates reflection. However, stress can interfere with the reflection. Read the rest of this entry »
Progress in Malaria Vaccine During Pregnancy
A recent study has developed an important step towards the creation of a vaccine against pregnancy-associated malaria. The parasite causes the disease can cause fatal reactions in women during their first month of pregnancy.
With the development of the vaccine will prevent many deaths and problems during pregnancy.
Malaria is a disease caused by a parasite of the genus Plasmodium that is transmitted to people by the bite of a mosquito. When these mosquitoes bite people, the parasite enters the liver where it multiplies rapidly and goes on to infect red blood cells or erythrocytes. Febrile seizures this causes sudden, intense, every two or three days. This process is exhausted, leaving the body in the case of young children is a high probability of fatal without treatment.
That is why malaria causes about 400-900 million cases of fever and approximately 2-3 million deaths annually, the vast majority of cases occur in children under 5 years. The only way to direct infection among humans is that a pregnant woman transmits them by spraying insecticides to the fetus, which is why these women were particularly vulnerable to this disease because the parasite prevents nutrients from the mother pass through the placenta, thus resulting in abortions and premature births. This disease is very worrying, especially in countries with high infant mortality.
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Myths about nutrition in pregnancy
Pregnancy is a wonderful stage of creation, giving life to a new being, and therefore this stage requires special care for the mother, as well as adequate food in order to promote the birth of a healthy baby, good weight and full development.
There are many myths about nutrition during pregnancy and the weight gain to be taken at this time. It is our goal to clarify some of these myths and provide tips on nutrition in this important stage of life.
Myths and Realities
1. The mother should eat for two.
This is completely false, studies have shown that during pregnancy increases the power required extra 300 kilocalories a day. These can be met by adding an extra cereal daily (1 reb. Bread or ½ 1/2T potato or rice or 1 tortilla) 2 vegetable, 2 fruit, 1 protein (30g of meat, chicken or fish or beans 1/2T, beans or lentils) and 1 milk (1 glass of milk or yogurt or 1 reb 1t. cheese).
2. The more weight increases the larger mother and baby.
False, excessive weight gain by the mother does not translate into a larger baby but if you increase the likelihood of the mother to develop some diseases such as gestational diabetes and preeclampsia. The average weight gain is from 9 to 13 kg and will depend on factors such as weight to the design, establishment of the mother, food type and genetic factors.
3. The mother should raise the minimum possible for not being overweight after.
False, weight gain during pregnancy ensures that your baby’s weight is appropriate, increase blood volume needed to irrigate the baby, the placenta has good size for feeding, to increase the mammary gland for lactation and adequate to form a fat reserve to protect the baby inside the uterus and also to be a reservoir for breastfeeding.
4. In pregnancy may increase the likelihood that the mother was constipated.
True, many mothers may suffer from constipation, it is important to include in your diet whole grains (bread, tortillas, cereal fiber) legumes (beans, beans, lentils) and fruit (preferably with skin) and vegetables and drink at least 8 glasses of fluid a day.
Nutrients During Pregnancy
When you are pregnant, you have to always remember when you’ve eat that you “must eat for two”.
What nutrients are needed most?
- Folic Acid
- Vitamin D
- Iron
- Calcium
- Zinc
It is present in various foods such as liver, whole grain breads, cereals, beans, peas, leafy vegetables (spinach, chard, beet greens, etc..), Fruit and yeast. It is a water soluble vitamin (which is diluted in the fluids of the body) is required for DNA synthesis, cell division, development of red blood cells, prevention and treatment of anemia during pregnancy. Its deficiency during conception and early months of waiting has been associated with poor birth outcomes, especially defects in the brain and neural tube such as spina bifida (a congenital cleft of one or more arches of the spine, where Leaving the spinal cord as a tumor). These problems develop during the first month after conception, before most women know they are pregnant, so it is important to take folic acid at least one month before conception.
It is fat-soluble (which is diluted in body fat). It is very important to help calcium absorption and distribution. To get it, pregnant women should be exposed to the sun regularly. If this is impossible, with only consume enough milk to meet calcium needs is obtained, because milk is fortified with this vitamin.
Iron carries oxygen to all body tissues, is part of the muscles and the rest is stored in the liver, bone marrow and spleen. Iron has three functions:oxygen transport, energy production in muscle and DNA synthesis .The amount of iron needed by the body increases during the growth stage, women of reproductive age, pregnancy and breastfeeding.
Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body. The 99% is in bone.
It is necessary for the formation of bone structure of the baby and to maintain strong bones of the mother. The need for calcium is crucial during the last trimester, when formed bones and teeth of the fetus. If the mother’s diet does not replace the necessary calcium, the baby will take the ore that is available from the maternal skeleton, causing bone weakening. Foods consisted calcium, are :milk, yogurt, cheese, greens (spinach, chard, Chinese mustard, etc.) and soybeans. If that does not tolerate dairy products, the woman must take preparations containing calcium, because otherwise your bone structure will be weakened, to remove the baby that much-needed mineral.
The majority of zinc is stored in muscle and is highly concentrated in red and white cells.
It is very important for pregnant women by the functions it performs in the body and must ensure their consumption during the entire period of gestation, to avoid inter alia, the risk that the baby is born with low birth weight.