Posts Tagged ‘Contraception’
Guidelines for reproductive health services
Many governments have done little to establish functional complaints mechanism, said Human Rights Watch. Have refrained from informing patients about their rights and what you can do when they are violated. Many women are afraid of retaliation for his complaints:
* In India, women told Human Rights Watch that they had never heard about a way to complain about the problems associated with maternal health care. A few said they had complained, but the health professionals they had been pressured to withdraw.
* On immigration detention centers in the U.S., many women said they never were informed that they could complain about problems in health care, and some feared retaliation for such complaints.
Many governments lack sufficient standards and guidelines for reproductive health services. For example, in Mexico, most states have no federal administrative guidelines on access to legal abortion after rape. As a result, many officials are afraid to provide access and deny that they have authority to do so.
Advantages of Patch
The contraceptive patch is a release of small doses of hormones through the skin after 80 years of research. This mechanism has been used in other therapeutic areas with much success. Such is the case of the patches used in patients after heart infarction or angina pectoris, the patches for motion sickness for example in boats, smoking cessation patches or patches with substances that decrease muscle pain.
The amount of hormones in the contraceptive patch that releases the blood is sufficient to achieve, effectively, contraception contraceptive patch contains two hormones similar to natural hormones women produce: norelgestromin, a progestin and ethinyl estradiol, an estrogen.
According to ENSAR 2003 1.7 million women in Mexico, ie, 10% of women of reproductive age not using contraception despite not wanting a pregnancy or suspended, with women and young teens that have the greatest need.
The decision of a woman to choose when to get pregnant is defined by its plans to achieve their goals and contribute their welfare state. What mechanism selects for birth control involves factors such as efficiency, ease of use, security, risks, costs and other personal considerations.
Hormonal contraceptives, in all its presentations, are highly effective if used as it should be, ie, the dose should be applied with the frequency required by the selected system. As stated above, this is what defines the effectiveness in practice.
Currently, in medicine, are looking at providing patients taking doses with more convenient schedules to enhance the effectiveness of treatment. Less frequent doses increase patient adherence to treatment scheme.
There are clinical studies showing that for most women, it seemed easier if there was a lower number of doses, thus getting a greater number of cycles with perfect adherence to the treatment scheme.
How do hormonal contraceptives?
How do hormonal contraceptives? (what do and how they work)
The administration of hormonal contraceptives is one of the family planning methods most used. These products are composed of synthetic hormones that have effects similar to the two main hormones involved in the menstrual cycle, estrogen and progesterone, either in combination or only one of them.
Since its inception in 1956, this type of contraception has evolved in terms of hormone dose, frequency and routes of administration for the convenience of users, so in the market there are different types of contraceptives:
Combined estrogen and progestogen
* Transdermal patch: it is a controlled release of hormones that involves the application of 1 patch per week for three weeks with a bye week in which menstruation occurs.
* Oral Contraceptives:-daily tablets are composed of either estrogen and progestin for 21 and 7 days off or 28 days with a week o
* Injection: intramuscular application monthly estrogen and progestogen compounds with gradual release from fat tissue incorporation into the corpora
* Ring vaginal ring is a flexible, transparent, that the woman is placed on a monthly basis for three weeks inside the vagina that releases a low dose of hormones with a bye week in which menstruation occurs
Mechanism of action
Combined hormonal contraceptives act at the pituitary level by mid-cycle inhibition of secretion of follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone thus preventing ovulation. Also sitting at the neck of the uterus by increasing the viscosity of cervical mucus, hindering the passage of sperm into the uterus. They also avoid the implantation of the fertilized ovum in the endometrium because it does not allow it to prepare properly. Also hindering the transport of the egg from the ovaries to the uterus by altering the mobility of the fallopian tubes.
Progestin Only
They are used when there are contraindications to using estrogen contraceptives.
* Mini-pills: is administration of tablets daily for 28 days.
* Quarterly Injection: intramuscular application consists of a crystalline suspension of very slow release.
* Subcutaneous implant: it is a system that allows broadcast or gradual release of hormone into the bloodstream. Requires surgical introduction, below the skin, non-biodegradable mechanisms every three years.