Pregnancy and Maternal Health Care

Posts Tagged ‘Diseases During Pregnancy’

Human embryos possess genetic defects in the early days of development, which according to experts explain why many pregnancies fail shortly after conception.

Researchers at the University of London, led by Dr Dagan Wells, studied 46 chromosomes in embryos 3 days of development and consider that a new test can improve success rates in infertile patients by allowing doctors to choose embryos with sets of normal chromosomes for implantation in the womb.

The technology could also decrease the number of multiple pregnancies in women undergoing in-vitro fertilization because fewer embryos would be implanted in the uterus for a successful birth. The results indicate that uniform cell development did not occur frequently in the first days after conception.

Wells noted that, by contrast, the cells divided unequally chromosomes together in destructive drives, or did not divide at all. Most human cells have 46 chromosomes, 23 from each parent. Wells and colleague Joy Delhanty studied twelve embryos with three days of development. Only one of the three had complete sets of chromosomes.

While the study reveals that many embryos are not viable, the results should not be inferred that all embryos are defective, as previous researchers have speculated, using less sophisticated tests.

“There are cases where early tests have shown chromosomal abnormality in an embryo, but when the baby is born, has no abnormality,” said Wells. “So the theories suggest that it is possible that embryos are composed by themselves in some cases”

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Waves and broadcasts made by teams such as television, microwave and computer screen are called non-ionizing radiation.
A household usually have different equipment that produce these refractions as radio, cordless phones and video games, to name a few.
Unlike ionizing radiation from X-ray equipment and nuclear weapons, the non-ionizing radiation do not produce enough energy to create genetic mutations.
We know that pregnant women are forbidden to expose the impact of the rays “x” because it can trigger structural changes in the fetus, ranging from spontaneous abortion to microcephaly (reduced head circumference) with the resulting mental retardation. The X-ray can harm the baby only when applied repeatedly and for long. However, in some cases are of great help to improve the health of the mother (such as accidents, difficulty in bladder or gall bladder, fractures, etc.). And must be made. It is always wise to protect the abdomen.
The best time to take the X-ray is when you have finished menstruating.
After four months, the child has formed almost the entire body. If possible, the X-ray should be delayed until the last stage of gestation. But preferably, the radiation should be suspended until after delivery.

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Urinary tract infections are more common in women than in men, which is due among other things, that the urethra is shorter in females making it more prone to the transmission of bacteria.

Furthermore, in the case of pregnant women, these infections are compounded by the changes in the body, increase in hormones that make the kidney work harder or slow the weight exerted by the uterus on the bladder that makes you urinate more frequently usual.

To check for infections or if they persist too long, analysis of urine is included in all gynecological examinations throughout pregnancy to rank the importance and treatment as these infections can cause premature delivery reach.

The worst infection that you catch is that affecting the kidney
Given the possibility of it spreading to other body organs and the risk that entails for both mother and baby, hospitalization is necessary to deliver the drug intravenously.
Once the results are stable, will continue with oral antibiotic therapy.

Although there is a radical way to prevent infection, may be prevented by following certain points like

1. Maximize the health of those areas of the bladder, vagina and anus, making it harder for bacteria
2. Take extreme care with sex that often are mode of transmission of bacteria
3. Drink plenty of fluids and eating vegetables to kill bacteria in the urine
4. Do not hold the urge
5. Dry the area very well and does not hold moisture (changed the bathing suit in the summer months after baths)
6. Wear cotton underwear to allow perspiration

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Toxoplasmosis is an infection that can threaten the health of a child not yet born. Toxoplasmosis is an infection caused by a unicellular parasite called Toxoplasma gondii that, when it affects a pregnant woman, may endanger the health of her unborn child.

The parasite presents three different forms: trophozoite (before tachyzoite), tissue cysts and oocysts. The latter only occur in the intestines of the definitive hosts.

The life cycle of Toxoplasma definitive host is the cat, or family members who, after ingesting any of the forms of the parasite undergoes in the epithelial cells of the intestine an asexual cycle and then a sexual cycle, eliminated in their feces million oocysts. When these become infective sporulate being able to infect other animals through ingestion. Below 4 degrees C or above 37, no sporulation occurs and oocysts are not infectious

Toxoplasmosis can be acute or chronic, symptomatic or asymptomatic. The newly acquired acute infection is usually asymptomatic in older children and adults, and if you have signs and symptoms (acute disease), these are usually of short duration and self-limiting. In most cases persists as tissue cysts but the person usually has no clinical manifestations (chronic infection), but in other cases presented with persistent or recurrent clinical forms (chronic).

Here are some tips to help you avoid exposure to toxoplasma during your pregnancy:

1. Do not let your cat go outside your home where it can come intocontact with toxoplasma. If possible, have someone else take care of your cat while you are pregnant.
2. Have another family member clean the cat litter box and then disinfect it with boiling water for five minutes.
3. If you must handle the chore of cleaning the cat litter box use rubber gloves (rubber) to avoid contact with the stool and then wash hands thoroughly.
4. Use work gloves when gardening and wash hands afterwards. Cover sandboxes children when not in use because the cats like to use them as litter boxes.
5. As much as possible to control fleas and cockroaches. They can spread to food or soil contaminated cat feces.
6. Avoid eating raw meat or poultry or undercooked and unwashed fruits or vegetables.
7. Wash hands thoroughly before eating and after contact with raw meat, soil, sand or cats.
8. Avoid rubbing your eyes or face when preparing food and clean the area where he worked when finished.
9. Avoid eating raw eggs and unpasteurized milk.

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Commonly called Placenta Previa to the implementation thereof in the lower portion of the uterus and expresses an anatomical relationship between where the placenta is located and the lower portion of the uterus. Their frequency is relatively low and often requires more care during pregnancy, mainly rest.
True placenta previa is rare, it is more common placenta that is low, a fact that is often reversed in the course of gestation.

The major problem with the placenta previa is the possibility of occurrence of genital bleeding. This is unpredictable, although it is related to the severity of placenta previa.

The orthodox and accepted is to ban sex for their risk of unleashing a major genital bleeding that endangers the baby and mother.

However, in advising the above takes into account the severity of placenta previa and whether the patient had symptomatic episodes or not.

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The urinary and vaginal infections are among the most frequent pathologies in pregnancy. The biggest risk they entail is the appearance of contractions with the risk of premature birth.

Whenever you perform an early diagnosis, treatment is highly effective and safe for baby (with antibiotics in the first case and local antibiotics or antifungals in the second as the germs that cause). Few medications for those conditions that can be used without deleterious effects during pregnancy therefore should not be self-medicate or take advice from anyone other than the doctor.

Considering all this is very important that any doubt or symptoms consult the doctor because the consequences can be important and timely solution is easy.

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In all cases mentioned below is necessary to consult and go to the doctor immediately.

Vaginal Bleeding
The bleeding during the first trimester of pregnancy, however small, require medical consultation. Before spotting or dark red, with or without pain, the danger of abortion. Bleeding can occur at any time during pregnancy, which is associated with various pathologies. It is important to consult a doctor immediately.

Leaking fluid from the vagina
The loss of fluid from the vagina-colored, scented bleach, indicating that broke the water bag. Normally, this bag is not broken until the time of delivery. If it breaks spontaneously and no contractions or discomfort, you should go to hospital as there is risk of infection. In this case, it is risky to take baths.

Extreme pallor
Anemia can be recognized because the pregnant woman is weak, tired, has pale skin and gums, brittle nails, a rapid pulse (over 100 beats per minute) and / or gasp with ease. AThe cause of these symptoms can be severe anemia.
This problem can be very serious at the time of delivery or postpartum, as acute blood loss anemia. It is advisable to eat dark green vegetables (chard, spinach, broccoli and others), meat (organ meats, liver, heart, blood sausage) and vegetables. Anyway, it is important to consult with your doctor to assess the evolution and treatment.

Uterine contractions
If they are painful contractions, frequent, regular and appear before 8 months of gestation, suggest that labor may be advanced. It should tell your doctor or go to the clinic quickly.

Fever
Faced with fever, particularly high and persistent, it is imperative to go to the doctor to assess the case and its treatment. Never take any medication without prior approval of the obstetrician. During pregnancy the drugs act on the fetus (after crossing the placenta), causing possible damage to the baby.

Pain or burning when urinating
Faced with complaints and / or burning when urinating, you should consult your doctor to rule than the product of a urinary tract infection, which requires appropriate treatment.

Emotional problems
Facing strong emotions during pregnancy and critical situations, such as loss of a loved one, family breakdown, abandonment of the couple, among others, can affect women in both their physical and mental health. The doctor treating the pregnant woman and the household of the mother, must take into account these changes and be aware of them, and if necessary, will be held a consultation with a psychologist.

Baby movements
From the fifth month of pregnancy, it is important to consult a doctor if not seen the baby move, or decrease in frequency and intensity.

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